A guide to be exhausted in the true story of Thinking

 Bowen issued a statement about before, this article is the tourist complaints from the community version of turn, and I have not investigated the incident is true, because sometimes things like this type of survey is not thoroughly investigated, and issued to the purpose is would like to tour this lovely young girl expressing condolences, the second purpose is to lead everyone and a discussion so that we can truly see the living condition of the current tour.
first note, I University Studies of tourism management major, started from the second year I've been doing part-time tour guides, tour guides come and go around the face of predecessors, I understand and know the real number of tour industry hard, and I have experienced, sleeping on the balcony in the Wutai Mountain in the evening I can only tighten the storm inside their own quilt, morning woke to find himself sleeping in a vast ocean, in Yuntaishan, I have seen with a guide in order to ensure the safety of tourists stumble their cliff fall dead or alive hh
often guides the industry is not as glamorous as you imagine, I often do when the tour guide can only eat one day a simple meal at night keep up the understanding of other people who do not know to sleep with bus in the car, the tourist season, when tourists do flight to destination, Quanpei can only sit or stand on a dozen hours or even dozens of hours by train to destinations Jietuan bid farewell to a groups followed by a group standing there, day after day, month after month tour hh and so hard to bring the return what is it? Take the tour guide did a few years ago when my salary to examples it, so hard case, a Quanpei wage is 50 yuan a day, for this 50, the physical suffering did not say, but also to withstand the ravages of mental as well as tourists, drivers, insulting personality. this is the case of wage , there is no salary but also to travel guides head fee, but tour guides need to survive need to make money so he began to lead the shopping so you can get some modest rebate.
Please do not blindly blame the tour guides how black, because it is a complex problem, we can more understanding and care, the way you are able to travel around a sweet smile who guides.
The following is forwarded post:
a guide to be exhausted in true story
8 月 15 日前 XXX Tourism Bureau to complete blockade of news! but the sisters as a tourist to see how the tragic death of fellow!!!! two dead, one of how to die, I was very clear, a 20 little girl to climb!! those days Zhangjiajie, Shaoshan, the temperatures are 40 degrees, fly to Zhangjiajie okay to talk about if not very tired, but the train is not the same, tired already sitting, tour guides take care of customers, especially large corporations No. 30 a few people, adults and children all rely on a little tour guide!! Zhangjiajie is famous for accommodation and food is poor, the guests certainly one to complain a lot, looking for? will not find a local guide because not familiar with, only to find Quanpei!! Poor Quanpei, often misunderstood is out of play with, but who can know how much the burden Quanpei weight!! now to the point: that about this guide how to die, to Zhangjiajie, said after the high temperature of 40 degrees to accompany guests can take the cableway up and down proposal would easily point total that can guide guests to lie to them money is not sitting, then the first day of Huangshizhai, Jin Bianxi walking hiking , Jin Bianxi length of 7 km!! Huangshizhai climbed up and down at least 5 hours!! the first 2 days and go Shilihualang Tianzishan climb, climb to dizzy fully accompanied, to accompany and guests Bata Tai into the room, to accompany the guests entered the room regardless of the Bata Tai, Zhangjiajie is home to sleep to accompany the same room Quanpei do not know, or do not know how she is sleeping, and after all he is tired. to have not seen Quanpei dinner, guests are not asked to the first 2 days until the morning to check out start looking Quanpei results attendant to open the door into it knowing that people had Shuisi!!!
result is the group to accompany each guest 8,000 yuan / person!!!! so the!!! If the hospital early!! If you care a little bit of tour guide!!! if the tour guide when people look!!! if the tour guides as their friends!! if guide to the not so dirty!!! too much if, this all did not know who is responsible, can only feel sad for the * life!!, how to get kickbacks out??? the whole of China is a guide to get the rebate the least !!!!!! those doctors, banks, government is not news to how to get the exposure???? Why do they always take the fuss guide, tour guides do not pay, send a few hundred a month, do not take kickbacks eat ??? support what family???? to get some rebates and pug as to please the guests!!!! no personality!! no dignity!!!! Sadly, many people have said
travel guide to how the black, but the shop We do not have the right to choose, the driver we have no right to choose, the right to live in the hotel we did not choose, we have no right to choice spots, but a but a problem, but we face the tourists, the tourists do not understand or even insult us! < br> We are starting earlier than the chickens, they sleep late, sleep five hours a day sleep, had to cheer up the next day to play to accompany tourists to explain to visitors the knowledge!
In fact, the guide is well done, the tour guide was a lot of skin cancer, those flowers look like the beautiful woman tour guide, a summer off, one by one, and Africans are the same! and the tour guide was a dangerous job, the car every day, ah, do aircraft, do the train, often in the river to go that are not wet shoes from? die every year many tourist guide! remember a car accident, a tour guide was pressed in the car, people want to rescue him, he shouted ; I am a tourist guide please save me! killing 2 people were killed and 10 seriously injured, the remainder varying degrees of injuries, including a young handsome hope for the future 24-year-old male tour guide, in that night forever lost his right hand, but now who will remember them? ??
see their own people killed, my heart can not tell the pain, really like the needle of the same heartache, after reading this really touched my heart deeply, so I really understand life valuable, or this story would be a disaster for the family and the tourism industry, hoped that all tour guides working for our visitors think about it, if the 10 tourists there are a visitor can understand our words, such a disaster will slowly go away .
Next, Zhuantie an article, which is now guides a portrayal of the true state of existence:
female professional tour guide exposes the dirty shady
from > I am a tour guide workers, 83 .2004 girl born into the line, it has been done for almost six years of tour guide. During the six years I am pure from a girl just out of school, and gradually this insight guides who work the dark sensuality. Now, with all the media publicity and the experience of travel, tour guides get kickbacks no secret, and here to say this, surely we will not be interested. I would say is a guide and pornography are closely linked.
guide us in this line, there is a saying that says so, marry his wife, not to take as a tourist guide. did the girl guides, not pungent, brutal, the most important is the spirit and the body is not clean, very dirty.
here to give you a brief introduction, the guide tour of the division of labor. Quanpei guide subdivision access and the nature of the two. called to pick, an analogy, to the Shanghai a tour group, then there must be prepared to Qingdao to take a guide and a driver to pick, Meet the group from the airport after the regiment was responsible for travel these days in Shandong. we all know, is a tourist city in Qingdao, in particular, summer, particularly travel to Qingdao, the hotel accommodation was also already reached saturation, there is no spare room opportunities.
time in Qingdao, a day after the end of the tour, tour guides and drivers will return to live in, the next day to Weihai was going to continue with the following schedule, the same, the hotel is full of Weihai, a day trip down, the evening tour guides and drivers should stay in a hotel, and hotels and travel agencies have an agreement, and set the visitors room, free provide a room for guides and drivers live.
problem comes, the driver is male, and tour guides tend to be a woman, then the hotel room only how to do, then the driver and the female tour guide had lived together. night to take a bath, hot day, when the night is also less wear, many women used to wear pajamas to guides, drivers and even underwear and lived in one room in the evening with a drink and watch TV . They often sleep together at night.
Why? and there are lines in the. travel is not keeping a car, car hire travel agents, and each group after the end of the tour guide will check out the fare to the driver, in addition to We all know that tour guides and drivers took to split kickbacks. So the interest has a close relationship, we are all out to make money, who do not want to earn it, so there are many female guides, and drivers must take the evening with live time, to seduce the driver to go to bed, and the driver drove away as often, also lonely, so I went. a relationship between the two, the last female tour guide will be less in order to give the driver the fare and rebates.
I a colleague, she has a very loving boyfriend, we often meet. looked at her boyfriend before he was installed in an innocent look, I look so disgusting. As far as I know, she made this line has been slept at least dozens of drivers, female tour guide with our party who have a habit of the driver to go to bed female colleagues, and often discuss, which the driver a long time and so on. I admit, I also had a similar experience, have some money for a smaller share to the driver, and two drivers the experience of a relationship. then I thought it was a bottomless pit, that if he continues, you can earn a lot of money, but think about the future to be a boyfriend, but also To marry and have children, or give up.
and drivers in addition to a relationship, we female tour guide, there are other ways to make money. colleagues once took over a group of Jiangxi, who is a local cadres of certain Bureau , all are men. in the car the man is all about dirty jokes, but also asked that a guide with them, and my colleagues see the money to be made to sit on his lap leader told several jokes, leader of the hand, of course not honest in her chest, thighs touch to touch, but also straight to the inner thighs touch. finished, touch over, leader directly to the tip of her one hundred yuan.
leader requires a person to live at night one of my female colleagues who lived in the leader's room one night, then got three hundred dollars reward. This is our party, she told me. seen as a show off. and her boyfriend, always thought she was a very innocent little girl. hey, I really do not know what to say.
travel this career, is a large vat, no matter how pure, how strong will, work in this environment If you do not do this, is not survive. Of course, not all female tour guides and drivers have the experience of a relationship, but in my six years of work in this business experience and understanding of this line is At least forty percent to fifty percent of the female tour guides and drivers and tourists have had a physical and financial transactions. actually there, in addition to disorder in addition to our tour guides, travel agents also have a great responsibility.
guides are not paid, and now by one group but also some head over to the travel agency fees, an analogy of a mission forty people, regardless of the regiment did not make any money earned, must be in accordance with the head, to the Travel head fee, with a head of a group of Sichuan is 30 yuan, a regiment about to pay back 1,200 yuan. If the group is not spending, or spending too little, rebates earn less, it means that the regiment to lose money.
In Jietuan, we will, and the manager said, can you head a small intersection, travel agents, managers will say to us, to seduce seduce leader, ah, but a lot of tips, as well as the driver Well, you dressed so pretty I also used to teach me? this group to stay four nights ah. You can earn a lot. It is the state of our existence can be said to be forced to take this step. In fact, this is prostitution, is a tour guide during the day and night is a prostitute, but there is no way, no way, how do we make money.
our life is erosion, spare time went to the bar, K powder, ecstasy. accustomed to. And, to the off-season that a lot of guides to the hospital for an abortion the most concentrated , many people do not even know the child and which drivers, which visitors planted. season when outside tour, tour guides at the tourist attractions met, and often have this phenomenon, two women playing a tour guide hello, tilted his legs together on each point of smoke, ask, find someone, right? (which means living together at night to find tourists or driver) is found, this man generous it? can give how much money?
This is our living state, I once had a boyfriend, before in his eyes I was a very pure, never casual girl, because he knows I have done everything, to abandon me. I also want to persuade Female tour guides who, for themselves, for family, for the future, do not do that anymore, do not covet the money of the time, otherwise it will destroy his own life.

Erdos out of China

 Ordos, you wear it? Have to wear a cashmere sweater? Yes do not know the Ordos it? How many know the ecological refugees? How many people know the camel's tear?? Days, I just want to let everyone know something After reading can do whatever things! yesterday afternoon to complete a course, within walking distance to the Century Auditorium (North) wanted to see what a good show, but far from the front to see if there are exhibitions, streamers the 'camel's tears' went over to attract their own! have time to write to and read at that time to see the time when the mood, one is a 退休老工人 pictures all over Inner Mongolia in recent years throughout their own expense, and Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, parts of the film step by step down the ecological deterioration of the sand into the back, has come to the Yellow River, on dead grass into the sand, past the high grasslands can be no one method did not now even camels die of starvation survival in batches! annihilation of a village were to be sand, piles of bones of wasted step, groups of all kinds of clothes seems to wear the goat funny! because goats can eat each other's hair with each other to survive! herders had to use this to protect their property - Wool ! turned down a date night, sit down early to the grounds to teach 113, 7 points, a clank of the edge of the Mongolian branch of the retired workers Lutong Jing decades old gentleman cleared his belongings call the ecological crisis of the old gentleman, to re-use language to allow more people to save ecology! old man up the first sentence is' true poverty in pastoral areas, pastoralists really hard, animal husbandry is a menace! so I did not realize was that Mr. Lu Lao tells us that such a degradation of grassland brightest and best turned out to be one of the largest joint venture in Japan 81 years Erdos Cashmere Group! 81 years ago, grasslands no goat, the goat began to multiply to 85 years of breeding, from 90 years to the present decade, and is the most serious grassland deterioration of the ten years behind the rise in the Ordos, the degradation in pastoral areas, the rapid deterioration of the ecological! Japanese 81 years ago with the goats in their own country, and soon found the greatest problem with the goats - goats only eat grass and eat grass! riding spring breeze of reform, the name of the Chinese economy under the banner of support, with the 'gift' of money and the former woolen mill co Erdos cashmere factory set up! to the grasslands of Inner Mongolia has brought a nightmare! look at the means of the Japanese it! 80's, cashmere herders can sell 280 a pound, now is 7-8 ten dollars! give you sweetness, make you a lot of breeding goats, and then keep the prices down the acquisition, wool is not a food, can only sell cashmere Factory! wool cheaper, more support for some of it to maintain their livelihood, many are raising a number of bring lower prices! the one hand, the smiling faces of the Japanese meet, because his wallet more and more drums, on the one hand but the lives of more poor pastoralists and our grasslands disappear step by step! Now, do not support a large number of goats in Europe, America is not a large number of goats in Australia is not a large number of goats, and even do not support the African, Asia, Singapore, Japan, South Korea do not support, and only China, a large number of breeding goats!, of course, small in Japan and in the eight-year war, as is the need agents! led us to focus on real estate called the sheep into a goat, in a pastoral area, only carrying 200,000 of the grasslands, there are 1.2 million grazing animals, at most, goat! a long-term ecological benefits in exchange for the current short-sighted! to the so-called economic development! exchange for these 'public servants' achievements and top Dai! to Phoenix in the last line of the western Inner Mongolia in the interview, our beloved leader is still waving his arm 'the pillars of our industry is one black one white, white is the goat, is the backbone of our largest foreign exchange!' is that they have unspeakable difficulties?, of course, in recent years, the central authorities have introduced a series of returning farmland to forest and pasture in the policy! but the picture on the barbed wire ring wire up the grazing areas are holes everywhere, pastoralists to meal ah! do not fundamentally think of a way, the formalism on the surface only to those money-making bureaucrats more excuses! Just this year, in the Loop area and the construction of a cashmere factory, known as the first in the world! a light Erdos years to take 70 tons of cashmere, has now registered three thousand small and medium cashmere factory and those who are not registered or even tens of thousands of cashmere factory has given way to grasslands into desert! we really need a world of cashmere factory? now the prairie, not a little angry, Wan Feng old town is now populated desert camel! a camel can not survive the place, what can survive? grassland ah! (b, Weeping Camel) in the natural environment change before, even if a 'ship of the desert,' said the camel can not resist the brutal test. sandstorm when the wind blowing strong when the eyes of the camel to Daxia. camel double eyelashes, can withstand wind, but strong Before the dust storms, camels there is no way to resist. was Daxia camel eyes, being able to see the grass, the results only to be starved to death. In general, small camel for half an hour after birth can stand up their own. but now, malnutrition in the mother camel, a small Luo Tuosheng down to extremely weak, the results after several hours of struggle, legs were too is stand up. then who wants the past to help does not work, because the females do not make people close to the small camel camel . such a small camel die. as long as the little camel died, the mother camel will follow death. This is the mother and the child's feelings. and other small camels grow up to one year of age, can own a grazing. camel is a three-two children rather than a one-year child. white lion survival is more rare, so precious. Lutong Jing is the most feared extinct white lion. Lutong Jing is the wish of the white lion Alxa all investigated again to see whether further How many white lions. camel can eat or drink for a long time, but most can only hold half of the time. hungry camels start stand up, slowly, leg edema, the last leg swollen like a bucket the same and began to fester. do not wait until the bad end, camels died. summer or spring, if the camel is dead, will soon become a mummy. This is mainly dry weather, the annual rainfall of less than 50 mm. and high evaporation 4500-4700 mm. herders as long as that camels can not stand to have to lift it to the employer, and immediately gave it to enhance nutrition, feeding grass feeding in order to restore health. Alxa be old in this year's drought every winter rains, pasture a trend of turning green. herdsmen not have to buy fodder now, but in the winter, the existing grass is absolutely not enough. because in the desert grassland ecosystem is very fragile. as long as the Drought Over time, the grass roots are shallow, very crisp, very easy to be blown away, not the rest of the roots. Now there is little good measure. Although the adopted Forest and pasture approach, but the desert too much, too little water, and were too little, it can not solve the fundamental problem. looking at grasslands of camels a day weight loss, death, Lu Tong sit still. He started in September 2000 to Beijing to appeal, to live one to two months , no results left. back to Inner Mongolia, the went to the desert. He Yi Tangtang to Beijing to run, to do 'Weeping Camel' exhibition, called on the whole society and ecological environment of Alxa camel's attention. As to whether to whether to save the camel, how to save the camel, he not sure. (III, we can remain unmoved?) This report has been published in the newspapers, but some friends may not be noticed. Although the situation may not in Inner Mongolia are like this, But we hope Alxa let everyone know that environmental degradation in northern China has been to what extent. Camels eat grass will not die, it's that simple! January 4, 2001, this newspaper reported that the environmental protection volunteers from the header Lu Tongjing carrying 'the edge of death - desertification ecological emergency photographic exhibition' Beijing organizers to do a search for 'Weeping Camel' and 'You see, you see dust in the face. one year, Lu Tongjing increasingly taken to carry his recent photos of emergency Beijing once again, to 'I see, I want to see you can not see - has never died and is in the hair loss Grass peeling when the death of camels, sheep clothes, filled with sand wells , sand back into the villages, military salute to the dead line of the political commissar of the military camel, camel mother wasted step, two-meter high on the highway clean-up sandstorm forklifts, barbed wire across the grazing sheep in captivity, unscrupulous wolves, poisonous weeds of breeding International tears environmentalists warn long-term picture, and the camel in front of urgent reports of death. To this end, Lu Tongjing to sell their assets to bring to Beijing looking for 20,000 pieces of photo organizer - to see the exhibition to save enough to eat camel .* Mother, It also living a March 3, 2001, Tong Jing six shot into the sand storms and ecological Alashan. in the absence of prairie grass, King Tong sheep lens strange how all colorful? near to look, each sheep wearing different color clothes. In the past, Lu Tongjing seen wearing clothes of individual sheep, and this actually the whole dress. 'do not wear clothes, not ah' herdsmen told Lutong Jing: 'eat eat bad hair, pastoralists solve a sheep's clothing, Lu Tongjing see belly bare, blue veins exposed flesh clear of .2001, Alxa drop of rain does not, the goat ate only grass surface, but dig the grass root up. must pay off the grass the sheep eat the sheep, the goat began. And the lifeblood of these sheep herders, they survive by selling cashmere. each food eaten wool sheep is equal to the owner of the property. the owner said, not the less wool is not too big, sheep on the line. The most painful is that they camel, camel dead his family of two peaks, no grass to eat and starved to death. Now a lot of people dead camel in the village, there are just born to die. Sure enough, Lu Tongjing constantly hit the road dead camels. He said: 'separated by twelve miles to see a yellow honking things. sandstorms a result, they immediately become white, the bones of the dead'. Alxa Banner, Lu Tongjing observing a newborn camel, 3 hours in the past , and not stand up. In general, the camel was born on the free exercise of half an hour away. pastoralists heavy shaking his head: 'finished, stand up.' Lutong Jing ask why, herdsmen said: 'Mother enough to eat, it live it? 'At present, the living camels waiting for the grass, some can not stand the grass is long. Gansu sale grass 1 kg 0.80 yuan, the local corn 1 kg 0.90 yuan. herders grass price calculation can accept, but do not pay the freight seq. camel grass waiting, waiting for the final death .2001 June, a herdsman of Lutong Jing said: 'then there is no grass to eat half of my family more than 60 camels will die.' can not bear to watch another tragedy of pastoralists true, then reluctantly home to more than 80 selling cheap camel, was the 3-million. The old couple 10000, two sons and one million. Lutong Jing asked if they sold the property, what to eat? do for a living? pastoralists without words . in the Tengger Desert, the nomads say Lu Tongjing One of the consequences of ecological degradation: 'Wolf more, fierce and very'. his family of four camel has become the victim of a wolf. One night, facing ferocious wolf, no grass even call the owner to eat camel's voice shouting no. wolf bite camel pipes drink blood, and even drink four peaks. herders discovered, on a motorcycle chase more than 100 kilometers did not catch up. (IV, cashmere sweater, What is your price?) 'Alashan will become a second Lop Nur', no grass to eat camel hair loss before death is a sign of peeling. Lutong Jing lens in the tragedy overwhelmed the camel: skinny, large shed Paper, stand up, pulling the water cart Zaibu Dong herdsmen were sandstorms Daxia eyes. Second, the consequences of ecological degradation, the grassland has not seen a grown grass, herders called 'poisonous weeds'. camel eat it to a circular motion, Du Zhang. so herders stabbed with a sharpened bamboo camel abdomen deflated, and the results, lucky to live, the weak, slow down to the ground in front of the owner. Lutong Jing killed by the owner saw a small camels. master tone bitterly: Death of a camel to get off the line to see the salute, after a short silence. Gobi desert, one person, one animal, one green and one black, one-stop for a lie, the film is good, but Lu Tongjing do not understand. Lutong Jing Zhang Liming told, he had just joined the army to feed Army camel, then Qijun camel, camel with his political commissar of .27 from the soldiers to, his feelings on the camel can not understand ordinary people. He felt dead camel for each peak are his fallen piece of meat. a force Cosby , Lu Tongjing follow the soldiers to a village 60 km outside the pull of water. the place stationed two companies, two companies for the well was dry, 60 km away, is also facing dry wells. military leaders anxiety, frustration: 'I'm afraid to move house'. Lu Tongjing first reaction: 'moved out, who will guard?' leaders shook his head and sighed. Lutong Jing how soldiers captured in the well water. bucket into the well, remove sand barrels first and then water. water is mixing. Lutong Jing found Alxa's teeth are yellow, they said water containing excessive fluoride. Cosby Nuogai Su Mu (Township), in 2089 it did not rain, nine wells had dried up. Given the fact that there were more than 200 households, June 2001, Lu Tongjing the village to see the remaining four. herdsmen by water door, scattered throughout the country. Cosby, 8 cents a pound watermelon actually will buy. harsh natural environment leading to economic contraction, and then the herdsmen to live in poverty. Alxa Banner monetary hematoxylin (Township), Wu Liji hematoxylin (Township) away from the highway, 1 kg of 36 yuan closed no one camel hair, camel hair by selling mainly subsistence herders into poverty . Lutong Jing met three years ago, the children, the children wear clothes or three years ago. Lutong Jing wonder: 'How long were it not?' children's parents said: 'can not keep up ah (nutrition)'. Lutong Jing Survey: Alashan areas to eat two meals a day pastoralists, and enough to eat. herders traditional hospitality etiquette: first, the tea, followed by milk and cheese curd milk. Lutong Jing in 2001 is seen in the pastoral house 'to buy milk to feed their own lambs are eating , where the sheep do not eat grass to milk it. 'began filming in 1995 depressed Alashan ecological Lutong Jing:' bad year after year. the foot of the soil to a thin layer, step down, that is, sand, sandy no rescue medicine. '6 years, he recorded the lens of ecological gradual process Alashan. Objective: modern education was warning people. Lutong Jing admit the only change for the better in the Enge Bei, where trees 14 years of Japanese mountains Zhengying. Lutong Jing Description: 'There really is an oasis, desertification has been effectively curbed.' Enge Bei, the Lutong Jing lens full of fragile eco-issued sos - 'Alashan will become a second Lop Nur', many people expressed concern .2001, Lu Tongjing sos in the newspaper issued a camel, the Japanese, 'oyster Scarlett' environmental NGO to lead the way, please Lutong Jing Alxa. Lutong Jing noted that the ranks of this study, 5 children, 9-year-old to 13 years old. Japan Lutong Jing told: 'This is good for children.' Since the early 80s, a joint venture with us your cashmere sweater factory, 20 years, we just had '.2001 April 8, a dust storm and hit Lu Tongjing 'Oyster Scarlett'. all features in the filled sand. Lutong Jing empirical demonstration of all: Do not blow your nose, the nose of mineral water in the sand to be slowly sucked out of borrowing, or broken capillaries. The Japanese see the true survival of pastoralist condition. They said: 'I can not believe, how could this '5 children in two girls, smell is not used to the taste of cow dung for cooking, ran away, a meal, they give up, and said:' No work, I am sorry for dinner. 'adults nodded. In these circumstances, Lu Tongjing lot of emotion, .7 23, Lu Tongjing with Japan' daily run 'television film' Weeping Camel '. summer, dust storms, had to patronize , the visibility is 200 meters so that they forced to hide in the car to see sand blocks out the sun. desert camel wizard, lie down on the ground. harsh natural, poor herders, the Japanese cry, the same question mark: 'how could this' 'how could this be?' Lutong Jing Nan Yi Fen Yuan mood: 'Since the early 80s, a joint venture with us your cashmere sweater factory, 20 years, we just had' .1982, the Japanese investment in a cashmere sweater factory. Since , a large number of breeding goats. According to the Lutong Jing Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection Bureau said himself: 'the history of animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia has never kept a goat.' goats eat grass. the consequences of a large number of breeding goats, grasslands suffer an unbearable weight. Science, balance figure should be 80,412 square kilometers stocking 200,000, is now 1.6 million, 80% is a goat. over-grazing grasslands caused a serious imbalance in the murder of the first large camel grazing. the whole country 2600 Cashmere shirt factory, a brand cashmere sweater priced at over 1000 U.S. dollars export .2000 1 kg of wool to sell 180, 2001 to sell 150, record is 270 dollars. cashmere - the focus of real estate work short term profits, corporate mercenary, pastoralists family. limited grassland resources in the people under the predatory greed .2001 zero, the ideal of a well-known cashmere sweater factory is 10 100 billion in foreign exchange, to develop into the world's largest cashmere sweater factory. Lutong Jing beat him photographs, agitation: 'cashmere sweater factory, how much you have to sacrifice in exchange for economic benefits of natural; and how much you can use to restore or maintain the economic benefits of natural balance.' Facing the deteriorating nature, animals dying, Lu Tongjing describe the mentality of pastoralists 'helpless'. They Lutong Jing said: 'live one day is one day.''that your children eat?''not so far away.' God is bound to affect the earth commit a sin, the wind does not adjust the rain flow, and years of drought is on the ground punishment of all life, nature and man, a vicious cycle. The Japanese told Lu Tongjing: early development of Hokkaido, the ravages of nature who have tragically, logging, pollution of the river will resume only after efforts through three generations into this today. According to the information: Alashan reputation of the hometown of a camel, camel Wanfeng number was as high as 25. camel staple Malian grass, grass Malian now extinct. extinct there horses. Lutong Jing estimated last year, about camels 9 Wan Feng, increasingly pessimistic about this year's figures - 4 to 5 Feng Wan. 'If people do not consciousness', Lu Tongjing tears in her eyes, '3 to 5 years, the extinction of a camel that is not possible, but a fact.' Lutong Jing sad Silk Road Chinese civilization is the common people and camels written, and now, to create the ancient civilization of mankind to immediate 'Xiemoshalv'. camel, part of the food chain in the absence of other organisms will certainly affect the healthy and orderly movement. Today, camel grass can live, no grass to die, simple as that. Lutong Jing bad mood by the International Photography Awards to think of the photos and photographers: the war, a cry of his children and a coveted vulture. awarded, the photographer committed suicide , and because he can not bear the weight of disaster; because he saw the human tragedy is too heavy. Lutong Jing walking in the desert, often imagine that he is endangered camels, the dispossessed, but he never thought of retreat. he was so do, is to extend the memory of happiness - Breaking up Mongolian gazelle scoop scoop fish. (v, can not wear cashmere sweaters, is not no grass prairie) 'one can family planning, sheep why not?''kill goats save China', Lu Tongjing heard at some policymakers say. He also saw whining sound of the sheep went to the slaughterhouse. to kill the goat, which means the collapse of pillars of pastoral life, pastoral eat and drink what? Lutong Jing is the extreme left that breeding goats kill the goat is the extreme right, causing the two extremes of human greed is crazy. 'Are they really going to kill the goat save China?' Lutong Jing from the mentality that the ecological imbalance. 'is not of human science, planning, order to grasp the scale good. 'He cites:' King of the desert filled with alcohol advertising Ejina in extremely dry areas, consumption of wine to how much water. 'There is no flag a computer, Lu Tongjing persuade parent-like to buy a computer, a good understanding of the outside information. officials to the Lutong Jing a tired face, 'money'. 'You can eat and drink less money to buy a computer out of province'. Lutong Jing, and helpless. 'governance environment lies in the people, the key is leadership decision-making, decision-making mistakes or not in place, the consequences may be several generations of things right. 'For example, Lu Tongjing have their own views on the captive.' ills is easy to get diseases; cashmere quality will decline from generation to generation. 'In fact, the captive is Jinerbuzhi. He saw people over the fence to catch a sheep grazing in captivity. For the goat flooded, Lu Tongjing bold hypothesis ', one can family planning, sheep why not?''can not wear cashmere sweaters, prairie grass can not do without' he example, an elderly Chifeng planting trees for decades has become the climate, there are always clouds over the woods. still expressionless. the face of official numb face, Lutong Jing Nan Yi tears. He said that 6 years to go the desert, did not shed tears many difficulties, but people are not flesh-long before an officer can not help him, he was numb to tears. numbness, because the things in their commonplace around it? Lutong Jing injustice: 'less and less water, grass and more and more dilute, the more wear their official positions more high. 'In contrast, Vice President of Stanford University looked at Lutong Jing photos in tears. Stanford University, Wei Wei, Chinese students read the newspaper' Weeping Camel ', he and South Korean student Jin Yongxiu Please lead the way into the Ala Lu Tongjing good. Jinyong Xiu shock. 'South Korea 6 million square kilometers, 270,000 square kilometers Alashan, this great water-poor areas were missing, too bad.' They do pre-commissioned by Stanford University study, the school has investment intentions. now , Lu Tongjing such a waste of anxiety and then go on, the CPC Central Committee's 'beautiful landscape' is a myth. he was in the desert, do not rub the eyes of the sand. He saw the trees at war; goats is increasing year by year showed a decreasing trend, the ecological worse year after year ... ... he called 'do not wear cashmere sweaters, eat lamb'. truth is: you can not wear cashmere sweaters, is not no grass prairie. Lutong Jing back to the cities from the desert, the two are asked Beijing elementary students to eat popsicles, 'save money popsicles, good or bad buy seedlings', the children say, 'Planting trees is something the country'. contrast the Japanese kids into the desert, Lu Tongjing sank, especially the majority of people in front of the ecological crisis 'had nothing to do armchair' chilling .2002, Lu Tongjing sold to the home of 5 rooms Baotou to Beijing. He bent to ecological warning picture advertised. He believes that not a soul-stirring the huge capital According to the alert. Primary focus of cultural understanding of the real estate Lu Tongjing if so - with the temple of a plaque on the common meaning: good weather, peace and prosperity. please repost your post in the forum you know, to let more people know the facts and environmental protection from ourselves that a senior official said Matsushita: even if we do not worship the Yasukuni Shrine Koreans will not buy our products, but no matter how we worship the Yasukuni Shrine again, the Chinese people still will buy our products. This is something that all Chinese people should be ashamed of, then!!! as a conscience of the Chinese people to come and I and many patriots fought side by side with it!

Interpretation of global affairs 2008-06-20 Eastern Time

 Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Wu Dawei: Chunxiao oil and gas field belong to China
【sovereign rights sources in Beijing, Vice Foreign Minister Wu Dawei】 19 briefing here stressed the sovereign rights of Chunxiao oil and gas field belong to China, Chinese enterprises under the absorption of the Japanese enterprises to invest in Chinese law in the cooperative development of the Chunxiao oil and gas fields in China and Japan resolve the East China Sea issue on the proposed joint development are two different things.
sign is the development of Chunxiao must cooperate in accordance with Chinese laws, which also marked the sovereign rights of Chunxiao oil and gas fields belong to China. This is necessary to make it clear. development is set aside sovereignty disputes, China and Japan claim the idea is not affected. In this case, we choose a mutually acceptable joint development area. In the joint development of this block is not in accordance with Chinese law, nor is it in accordance with Japanese law, but by the two governments agreed to develop methods and principles.
Wu Dawei said that the demarcation of the East China Sea continental shelf, exclusive economic problems still need to resolve through negotiations the two sides . In the final settlement, both sides reached consensus on joint development shelving disputes and negotiations to make a temporary arrangement maritime disputes. the two sides reached the agreement was not the first case.
information: Japan reached principled consensus on East China Sea
word NO.200806180639】 【Oriental file Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 18 -: Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Jiang Yu announced on the 18th, the two sides through equal consultations, reached principled consensus on East China Sea.
one, on the Sino-Japanese cooperation in the East China Sea in order to
delimitation of the East China Sea between China and Japan have not yet become a peaceful, cooperative, friendly sea, the two sides at under the mid-2007, 4, the consensus reached between the leaders and mid-2007, 12 leaders of the two countries reached a new consensus After careful consultation, agreed to implement the transitional period before the delimitation, the legal position, without prejudice to the case of the two sides to cooperate. To this end, both the first step, negotiations will continue.
the Second Sino-Japanese understanding on joint development of the East China Sea and Japan
as the first step in joint development in the East China Sea, the two sides will promote the following steps:
(a) the coordinates of the points by the following sequence of connections into the region around the joint development block (with diagram):
1, N 29.31p, longitude 125.53p30p
2, N 29.49p, longitude 125.53p30p
3, N 30.04p, longitude 126.03p45p
4, N 30.00p, E 126.10p23p
5, N 30.00p, longitude 126.20p00p
6, N 29.55p, longitude 126.26p00p
7, N 29.31p, longitude 126.26p00p
(b) both sides through joint exploration, in line with the principle of reciprocity, in the block where both sides agreed to select joint development. specific issues the two sides through consultation.
(c) The two sides will strive to implement the above development in their respective domestic procedures as soon as possible to reach the necessary bilateral agreements.
(d) Both sides agreed that for the early realization of the other waters in the East continue to negotiate joint development.
Third, on the Japanese legal person in accordance with the laws of China to participate in the understanding of Chunxiao oil and gas development of Chinese enterprises welcome the Japanese
legal persons in accordance with China's foreign cooperative exploitation of offshore petroleum resources in the law, to participate in the development of Chunxiao existing oil and gas fields.
Chinese and Japanese governments to confirm this, and try to make the necessary exchange of letters agreed to conclude as soon as possible. Both sides To this end the necessary domestic procedures.
Comments】 【current affairs to the Rocky demarcation between the East China Sea has not yet become a peaceful, cooperative, friendly sea, the two sides at under the mid-2007, 4, the consensus reached between the leaders and the two countries in mid-2007, 12 new consensus reached by the leaders, after serious consultations, agreed to implement the transitional period before the delimitation, the legal position, without prejudice to the case of the two sides to cooperate. To this end, both the first step, negotiations will continue.
in the first three .....the case of the United ....., consultations will continue to emphasize that the phrase .......Members of view, these two are so important, it is the whole basis of consensus, with it, will have to reach behind the second and the third.
Japan, ?
We know that, purpose. In order to better analyze the true intentions of Japan, eager to demarcation, we need to figure out has done a special discussion. in a relevant background information, the editors please attach a summary of discussions at the time, for your reference!
Background: What is the Oriental's exclusive economic zone file word NO.200104020189
】 exclusive economic zone is the third meeting on Law of the Sea established a new system. EEZ is measured from the 200-mile territorial sea baselines, the territorial sea beyond the territorial sea and adjacent to an area. The coastal region States have sovereign rights over their natural resources and other jurisdictions, while others enjoy the navigation and overflight freedom, but this freedom should be due regard for the rights and obligations of coastal States and coastal States should comply with the provisions of UNCLOS An Zhao and other rules of international law by the laws and regulations.
within its exclusive economic zone of coastal States may exercise to the exploration and development, conservation and management of the waters cover the seabed and its subsoil and seabed for the purpose of the natural resources of the sovereign rights of and economic development in the region and the sovereign rights of exploration. the jurisdiction of the coastal state the following: artificial islands, installations and structures and use; marine scientific research; the protection and preservation of the marine environment.
exclusive economic zone, the coastal State within a certain range also have administrative jurisdiction, civil jurisdiction, criminal jurisdiction and international law and other rights conferred jurisdiction. this region neither the legal status of territorial waters, does not belong to the high seas, and is an independent special legal status. the exclusive economic zone is not inherent, necessary for the state of a country officially declared the exclusive economic zone.
【Comments】 Eastern affairs commentators believe that, through this, the background knowledge, we can clearly figure out big the exclusive economic zone the territorial sea is not a country, it is just a state conservation and management of the waters cover the seabed and its subsoil and seabed for the purpose of the natural resources of sovereign rights, and economic development in the region and the sovereign rights of exploration.
only in normal circumstances, a country's post- economic zone is much broader than the sea, but the determination of the exclusive economic zone but also the only time full participation in the international to the , is that it is in the meeting, adopted the famous not yet resumed without participation of the most important China, not only to restore the legitimate seat at the United Nations, and is permanent. So this is the only full participation of an international , there are so few points worth emphasizing:
First, the Chinese the impact of international law, can only be used in the years after the November 16, 1994. At this point, we may then understand why the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese East China Sea would be a before and after the 94.
Third, and most importantly, the and detailed text, and with a long, very large scale, Xiao also it is rather countries bordering the sea is a large country, and no one is willing to sign It seems that in so in the Because of this, the real situation is this: in the world signature will become inevitable;
However, this is only a side issue. We want to emphasize is that in adhere to already see the signed at the same time, the sex
Thus, the relative advantages of other countries, the sea, decided in Washington that refused to recognize the blamed its aircraft in China, flying over the outside of the territorial sea, provides global control of the naval forces on military operations ; not territorial waters.
has been said before, the exclusive economic zone is a national been clearly defined as a coastal important part of national territory, the mainland and the water outside the waters of a certain width of the strip. should explain that a country's national sovereignty, and in the territorial waters over the seabed and subsoil.
This means that, in the territorial waters of a sovereign country, foreign vessels the coastal State, without prejudice to the peace, good order or security of the coastal State to the law or comply with the relevant rules of international law under the conditions to enjoy the right of innocent passage. please Note that, according to the provisions of China in 1958, the width of China's territorial waters to 12 nautical miles. all foreign aircraft and military vessels without the PRC government permission to enter China's territorial airspace and territorial waters.
Obviously, China's law, Unless permitted by the Chinese government, foreign ; and the ; the control of baselines, in the territorial waters, but sui generis, special, waters within national jurisdiction. This special mainly two areas:
First, in this exclusive economic zone, the country of all biological and non-living resources of the exploration, development, utilization, conservation and management of sovereign rights, and artificial islands, installations, structures and use of the construction, marine research and marine environmental protection, Second, be clear that other countries in the region also approval by the relevant State, which is
comparison of these clear provisions of international law on the exclusive economic zone, we can see that many people, as Japanese politicians before flying to China's Chunxiao oil and gas fields, , while Beijing has said nothing of a commentary on this ; hold core expression Open a strong warning in Japan: related to sovereignty over the disputed region ;, that is, the Chinese government has repeatedly stressed the Because of Beijing will never allow, fooling Japan, after all, is hard to get on the community calendar long ago the Japanese government started the Japan, as Japan's exclusive economic zone of one side of all but the face of Beijing's good in the East China Sea consultation before (2006), not only came up with a think .
However, until the in the disputed region and China, > The fact is that, precisely because of Beijing's ;, ultimately, as advocated point
exclusive economic zone is a something new, on November 16 before there is no country on earth ; De
is interesting that in 95 years, can be said that day did not wait, China started in Early Spring, and a series of Pinghu oil and gas field exploration work to begin by under the provisions for the East China Sea oil exploration, and , came up with a so-called Convention on the Law of the Sea each became With the What is the real purpose?
we could read the of peace, cooperation and friendship, the sea, the two sides at under the mid-2007, 4, the consensus reached between the leaders and the two countries in mid-2007, 12 new consensus reached by the leaders, after careful consultations, agreed to implement delimitation of the transition period, the legal position, without prejudice to the case of the two sides to cooperate. To this end, both the first step, negotiations will continue.
said earlier, this article has three point position ;, its the second, third.
one of the key point: China from the Obviously, br> In essence, the East commentators believe that this is deliberate from the two sides br> This reasoning is simple: as long as the two sides ; joint development The second key point: China from the way clear of the words, this is deliberate from the is simple: as long as the parties can not through bilateral consultations and reach consensus, then one side or both sides, it is bound by means of ; explicitly exclude the level of necessary;
only spared this kind of a long time ago from the two levels of Why accept? this point, we started later).
very clear way, understood as a political reconciliation in the days of It seems that only spared this kind of both:
Second, Sino-Japanese joint development of understanding about the East China Sea and Japan
as the first step in joint development in the East China Sea, the two sides will promote the following steps:
(a) the coordinates of the points by the following sequence of connections The area is surrounded by the joint development block (with diagram):
1, N 29.31p, longitude 125.53p30p
2, N 29.49p, longitude 125.53p30p
3, N 30.04p, longitude 126.03 p45p
4, N 30.00p, E 126.10p23p
5, N 30.00p, longitude 126.20p00p
6, N 29.55p, longitude 126.26p00p
7, N 29.31p, longitude 126.26p00p < br> (b) both sides through joint exploration, the spirit of reciprocity, in the block, select the location of the two sides agreed to conduct joint development. the specific issues the two sides through consultation.
(c) The two sides will strive to implement the above development fulfill their respective domestic procedures as soon as possible to reach the necessary bilateral agreements.
(d) Both sides agreed that for the early realization of the other waters in the East China Sea continue to discuss joint development.
three key points: emphasis on ;, very interesting
discussed above, we have not hard to see: the first is both the basis of consensus, in fact, is br> in the clear also very clear, in fact, the The said that an emphasis is article ;. But, The two sides agreed to jointly develop the sites. specific issues the two sides through consultation which point the joint development is a what level do!
future How to do? We can not be determined because it depends on the development of the international situation! We want to emphasize is this: the future of the attention to our words, is unilaterally br> The so-called Source: China Ministry of Foreign Affairs website), from the geometric aesthetic point of view, it is hard to understand: not only is no standard, and even a little graphics, East China Sea policy any legal effect. The Chinese side does not recognize the past, present and future will not be recognized.
there by the above discussion, it is easy to see, this emphasis on China, in the but have used the grin, ; the East China Sea policy Current interpretation of the global era is the ...

Deities FY Yao Chi Chapter XVI

 People crashing, have to look towards him.
Gushe fairy : definitely not died in the Kunlun Mountain. Today, I no longer hiding. However: lie. ; Wait. sentence wooden God, since you have evidence, still afraid of his nonsense it? heroes in this world, can the card. and listen to what he was saying, a sizeable shortage of foreign countries to be convinced, do not call me King Wild ethnic favoritism. He also could not see any pattern to change. and smiled, saying: all stunned, big feel awkward.
West Deer woman surprised a moment, princess smiled and said: you? when cold Huangcheng Banquet! pass through the pair of lovebirds who believe the mystery to me is you, right? said: said: pair of lovebirds, son to chase them away. our hearts are exceedingly strange, worried, I do not know what emergency. And do not tell, really unavoidable difficulties. hero today in front of the world, I would say a clear matter of context. the heart impeach course, while inexplicably flushed red Qiaolian. I do not know why, had just been confusion, Xiunao, gas cumbersome feeling anger vanished at once, heart lake level gradually settle down.
Tuo Baye broke: paw tied a cloth on which was written l Gu She is difficult, speed to saved the rhh Stubbs had just wild chase, why he had suddenly changed his tune? think Tuoba Ye follow the pair of lovebirds, karma, whatever rescued Gushe fairies, somewhere seems to be God, the hearts of Doudi sank, Nan Yi acid jealous.
Lady in the Water Tuo Baye not wait to react, and loudly: into the secret passages, into the drum of the special chamber candle, see the fairies were in the spring under the drug, dispersed infuriating, trapped in the ivory bed hh ! talking about.
Wusilanma laughed softly: witnesses, to see clearly it clear! .
Tuo Baye broke: do not come, I hh Gushe I personally put a fairy. r man sighed: r you this is why bother! l The woman bitterly Road: r Who Shichiro Weifei but has repeatedly said that I go back on sodium? He Kou Radio coveted, this painstakingly, and the sentence of God together set a trap for Wood, managed to catch her, will not let her. r have called the male wood Zuqun shouted: while watching West Deer woman hanging around the waist deerskin drum, the beat of two graceful small print reads blood, wrote a few words handwriting imitation TV drama.
Cotton mouth is no end: so much vinegar? r upset the woman Road: l boy, you do not know, Shichiro a soft spot for her, then got Zhejian Ren, will ignore me. Zhejian Ren worry drink of water, is I drug under the spring, they are infuriating you and Barry Master dispersed, can not resist but to obediently obeyed. If in the future she knew was that we harm will find ways to take revenge. You think, must be the toe of her Shichiro ! can not follow up to her to kill us? r the man was speechless. and more white, abruptly Tuoba Ye understand the intention, what is my people who heard your voice today, I realized that was you! : I happened to so why would thousands of miles away from the cold Huang Cheng arrived, from the claws of the candle under the rescue Gushe drum fairy? impregnable in that chamber, are quite puzzled. Candle Long suspicious by nature, has long been suspected traitor tipped off, as he approaches, the dark forces that exploratory investigation and separate ways. at the moment so listen Tuoba Ye tell of the day water, wood plot the two communities of the back of its hand, many details are not the least bit bad, whom can not seem nonsense; and female deer candle drum with the ambiguous relationship between the people is best known aquarium, under her Duhen to make the move, the idea is not impossible. all the mermaids suspects, the female deer have looked toward the West.
deer woman angrily: frame frame-up! haha laughed: raised high, Female Wild snapped: in time to save? the world as much as you do so clever? Near collapse, sudden whinny shouted: are zheng zhu.
West Deer woman Neither can we know the in the design, Jiaoqu play flutter, face grew gray, abruptly knelt to the ground, and paralysis, a heap. eight co hall was dead. After a while, the dragon Zuqun rudely awakened hung like thunderous applause, everyone is looking livid aquarium, was speechless. Wusilanma Mountain, looking one with the sentence, and blue eyes in a fleeting murderous, hate rage, but do nothing happens. < br> Lady in the Water framed Tuoba Ye seek candle drum killing, but built on the Tuo Baye seizure Gushe attempted fairy, hate to kill the witness lies under the top, at the moment when it lies exposed, refuted the allegations of the natural .
Tuoba Ye smile, calm, happy look of water sweep, wood pack, calm and collected, but the hearts of relief, as if a general collapse. gale blowing, chilly cold sweat all over the back. He gamble, so a surprise language, select the West Deer woman as a breakthrough, with its eye for an eye person body, out of nothing, big psychological warfare, it is taking a great risk. Once the female deer are not fooled, tightly bite are not promoted, then forged The cloth was exposed again, it would find any, jumped into the Yellow River is also Xibu Qing.
life and death, but also about Gushe fairy Qingyu, argue that a tongue is more dangerous than we have a difficult match for the white knife. dark call luck, the whole body can not tell the tired, can not tell easily.
Wusilanma hint: confessing his sin to the Wood family; but if there is the family colluded with outsiders attempting to spy and framed candle son, we will not Qingrao. . Deer woman heard this whole body rustled, his face plainer, Hatefury hate to staring Tuoba Ye, eyes Jiyu to spray the fire.
eight co-hall boos rang out, and even history and a glorious look down the house there are many barbarians Aquarium The passing attitude acts, openly support Tuo Baye.
Wusilanma failed to take heed! light:
Tuoba Ye did not answer, academics six Houye haha laughed: , rescued beauty, Jinu hearts and minds under the anger kick in.. most of his own to do this dirty thing, after thinking it over, alive die of shame of. no yin without yang voice cried: , stood up, drew out his sword curse: very? Do not people talk about their suspicions into it? Surprisingly, most of the side stand to the Tuo Baye.
Tuo Baye Xinxia Tai Chang, at the corner of the eye scan, see Gushe fairy felt invisible to the Basilica of chaotic situation, a pair of wonderful head Ningzhu his cheeks like drunk, mouth Gouzhao faint smile, the joy of Jing Si glow a soft elegant glory. heart resist big move, his eyes no longer transfer not open.
Suddenly Hong Hong fairy princess laughed and said: teaser, right? the original hero to save the United States and Robert W. Prince, won the heart miles Gushe sister, no wonder my sister will ignore the saint of chastity Gushe footer, and Prince Edward inseparable, and even middle of the night rendezvous quietly it! at once the silence, wooden ethnic people have cried: Really, let us say testing testing! Chu Fu Li Ye loudly: go. Chu Fu Li Ye white fluttering, graceful, stunned the crowd watched, the two-dimple flushed red, slightly shy! pale blue eyes staring bravely and firmly Tuo Baye, softly: ; Chu Fu Li Ye like Robert W. Prince, so he crept into the front of the house last night rendezvous. Rainbow Fairy will be the wrong person. ! Liu Lang opt exclaimed: kept on rolling, always have to fall general.
Hong Hong fairy smiles: sister, why she would see me do? ; all stunned, surprise, surprise have named the Queen Mother also stirred in..
Queen Mother said: to discuss, but middle of the night! I am the King family of Joan, the inconvenience to visit. Baidi have events, get away to. In desperation, I sent for Gushe sister went together. do not want to see in the cliff Hong Hong Fong fairy panic away. ; being the case, the Queen Mother He said that before, but also save this misunderstanding storm. so determined, thought I was gone, Gushe sister went to see Tuo Baye it! listen Chu primary confession, I discovered that God misunderstood sentence of wood. cool said: br> Hong Hong Fairy Queen Mother could even not interfering, so pressed, princess laughed: Senior's family, the sanctity, How can we allow you malicious conjecture, stain clear name! as subjects, dare Kuangsi arrogant, profane saint again, heinous! if the family has long lingering death-inch gravel, which have you in this capacity to talk nonsense!
Gushe fairy under the grateful heart! light: words and deeds disrespectfully fairy shot, speculation and said: ; think of that night in Yanmen, marshes and much Wusilanma to blackmail her, just tough and unyielding, even at the hands kill the love of his life, even more generously.
wood Zuqun male outsiders so rebuked, very embarrassing, much to say. sentence Mount cough: After the Presbyterian family of her own guilt Accounting Conference. sincerely, if offended place, but also hope Santa Haihan. be resolved after Ivy City. Prince also quickly pull a seat. Tingfang Court sitting in the reserved position, which is seated Aoki Gushe fairy hall, Sea. all the way to go, and seas of the temple have the fan smile Hou salute your country, is very warm, country gentleman, Guan Xiong country is tired of the country such as fire, bright eyes dark sent to express the meaning of loyalty.
these perennial fan living in your country Hao Zhu Qiang being caught between the forces, attached to a living, for to judge the situation is very sensitive. right man storm on the hall, although on the surface have not yet reached the realm of the stormy sea, but the list is clearly turbulent undercurrent. the parties to cling to support the subtle forces at each other, how could they not see? now not stand apart from the fire outside the family, King family, have made clear stand Tu Dragon side, and the family of Saint Benedict and a very friendship with Tuoba Ye can say that most of the world have recently emerged in support of the Wild, all-powerful Dragon Prince. the so-called knowledge fitters as JJ, not to mention the aquarium than domineering and violent harsh Xiong Li Yan fire group, the East China Sea Dragon always easy to get along much.
Tuo Baye side just sit down! six Houye they whispered excitedly said: Joan of thieves and water have been You got me. admire the matter to. ;
Ji Hyun Ha smile much, is extremely pleasure. look a whole, is content: wood demon Jianmou plot. In addition, Liebi light Sheng has been anything, I do not know what hit idea, he had to be careful of is! Why the delay not yet reached the inflammation brother? He still smiled and was surprised to find the odd glass of sip slowly, attentively looked at eight blue sky between the eaves and the house, thinking I do not know.
Tuo Baye heart suddenly emerge Senleng chill the heart: people drive deep cunning, until now remained calm and collected, I'm afraid there are many conspiracy not to come out. ; Chaoyang Valley Water Pak Tin Wu, Zhongshan son drive to the candle. ? how students can escape death the transfer? look full of surprise, not like fake, Tuo Baye mind it even more strange, the heart: What intrigues you play? noise, many people could not help but stand up, have through the pane, that step, such as jade belt meandering gallery attentively looked suspended.
after a while, only to hear the voice of a leisurely round sounded cool and bright: Drum Zhongshan candle, sun valley days Wu to attend the meeting late, you lot Haihan. contaminated with the blood of tens of thousands of days old thief Wu Chaoyang Valley, between the moment that the killing of painful scene abruptly dark red uppermost, fire, ruins, dead bodies everywhere, dead bodies being spear through the mother, the charred bones hh ears suddenly filled with wind tsunami, killing wailing, and people crying for help Qice hh breath into the night and even the thick smell of blood, bones smelling odors hh
that night! good fifty thousand people died in the city of the brave fire and the knife in! channeling an indignant anger will be blazing up suddenly, burned his eyes to make red, his hands trembling slightly.
music crisp, elegant maid into the room. line of black people hanging penetration along Gallery, in everyone's field of vision. Dangxian Tall one long, purple robe shirt floating in the air volume of the dance, wearing a black wooden masks, a strong vigorous pace, tone air high spirit, it is missing four days of water Bo Wu.
Tuo Baye strong impulse to hold back Bashen the sky, stared at him coldly, trying to adjust whole body surge encouraged Aoki infuriating.
Suddenly slender Nuheng heard, Liu Mei stood on, the thrill of little shoulders. IV years! father dead or alive, all thanks to this person has done. enemy of each other, how can he not exceptionally jealous? Tuo Baye heart sank under the fear that her words and actions out of line, under the impulse, so that the Queen Mother embarrassing, but fortunately only a bitterly phase slender look, not much to say.
Tuo Baye slightly wider heart: care of her, with her morning till evening! her even further willful, can not see myself listening to the vain. mind at once is a while sadly.
days behind the heels of a tall, thin, Miss Junior, oblique eyebrow small eyes, his face defiant violent look, it is then repeated teasing of the fourth Tuoba Ye Lang. separated by four years, his height a lot longer, heads naked burst shot, seems to have improved a lot infuriating.
third person is thin as the blue-eyed Laoer Gaomu, poker face, but the uncle Kesha Branch Huai Khan degrees. The remaining twelve guardians of all is the brilliant clothing in black, carrying two huge North Sea Agarwood cabinet proudly into the room.
line of fifteen went to Court in the morning dew stood still, bowed toward the warlords say hello. all four eyes sweeping, has never been any candle drum, the hearts of a large odd. agglutination eyes shouted Agarwood cabinet in the two North Sea, the heart think: wooden cabinet.
fourth Lang suddenly step forward, high channel: Ye, who is surprised, confused, think of the so-called fourth candle drum was actually Lang!
the hearts of all men: are definitely not back to life. Is God really has great candle thorough manner that it can? br> Days Wu bend the bow and said: Read on:
Tuo Baye heart sneer: come. this very Gankui responsibility of the family, but also look the way candle God grief, spare body is. and justice. sad! emotion apart from a sudden initiation of a read, the fourth Lang recognized as his son, still Ciming candle drum, seal Zhong Hou hh
Tuo Baye suddenly heart: Selfish! a grand old Chen Sheng said: Thirty-six master Google sun, twelve maids personal care. about this time tomorrow, he will start off came the Kunlun. Zhong Shan Hou son was sealed. > Tuo Baye slightly strange feeling, immediately understood, but also factions among the cream aquarium stand, sun valley got the upper hand, and other natural gas valves do not hate it hard. the hearts of a move! if the future with its eye for an eye of the body, Aquarium of the gap using a fuss, or miraculous.
are self wondered, academics fourth Lang loudly: ;
is the haughty arrogance he had, now a candle son, more insolent, arrogant and the whole body filled with a light state, all Xinxia Tai is not agree.
days Wu broke: , to be Shouyu candle a special God, let me convey on behalf of the peach Assembly. indeed gratifying. candle even a heart yearning for the original when the early worship Yi. do nothing decrepit weak, Ougan cold, the fetters of a single fox mountain, not actually drink and a laugh with the world hero, regret and even shame even, Wan sorry. br> Bai Di smiled slightly: , Gan for bollworm. day and night to serve, do not pay imminent, lick sores suck pus, no special complaints. has a son that, who needs! decrepit Xiwei tempting, especially water, Pak-sun on my behalf, please tell the world, from today beginning candle is the sun in a valley fourth Lang Son, renamed candle drum, seal Zhong Hou hh , and indeed very filial piety. to disdain; language meaning irony is obvious. Shui warlords are showing his face the look of contempt.
fourth frivolous Lang small eyes, fiercely is completed, tracks the sound glaring Wusilanma abruptly, seeing that she smiling, looking at themselves, the virtual hand, made my heart burst, grunted, turned away. Although the position of honor big turn, but eventually this can not be too presumptuous aquarium saint.
days, Wu turned a deaf ear, broke into and read: So do not expect damage Goldwater friendship, and can be enduring. , the water will ease much incense. One read: decrepit today, a son, Baidi also have women today, this does it mean that God indeed! if not abandon the White Emperor, willing to marry the princess of the drum, and promote the good things of this l Jiaoutiancheng r, when the eternal brother's wife. And Goldwater When the two communities together complex friendship ever since also carry hh voice.
Tuo Baye Youjingyounu suddenly understood the fourth candle Lao Yao Lang recognized as family marriage, family and to smash the golden earth, fire, the grand alliance Dragon candle bizarre drum died suddenly in the Kunlun mountain, gold group is always difficult to be accountable. While all of Bai Di, who had guessed the murderer is the candle dragon himself, but no hard evidence, that no one will believe it. And the dragon candle posturing, take the initiative to address allies and enemies of marriage, but also White Emperor, the Queen Mother of the speech without quibble. This move can be described as extremely sinister, terrible matter to.
Seeing a noisy group Sin Temple, Bai Di, the Queen Mother pondered undecided, Tuo Baye mind is confused Jinu, can himself, had to watch Lady in the Water into the clutches of slender, fourth much this thief torn Lang What? < br> actually can warlords shocked, shouted thousands of eyes focused on her.
Jade dumping case, cups and plates everywhere lengthy rotation. slender wind Qiaoli! white fly, juice dripping on the skirt, so he knocked Anzhuo think it was due to . She totally ignored, bright red cheeks, chest and downs, bright eyes glaring days Wu, Jiao Chen Yun among the more some graceful state. Five young family Qiaode all of your most exciting Hou.
day without the annoying Wu, smile : embarrassing.
fourth Lang angry, looting the body out, head proudly: Eight Hall of the pack attracted much resentment.
brother Lan vertebral shouted: Lang furious fourth, turned shouted: Although people are not accustomed to aquarium look fourteen Lang, but he is ultimately adopted son of the dragon candle, see he was so teased, his face is not very good-looking, the moment also together Hema up. into monkeys and other shameless characters, like showing off the most is fast tongue, immediately retorted, with a Maronite warlords shrill sarcasm, wantonly back. eight is the house of commotion.
days Wu broke: ...

In the Bowl

 In the Bowl
Shanghai Jing'an Temple area, there are a rich red of the old house, seven, located in the middle of the surrounding forest of neon buildings, somewhat anachronistic in solitude. This is the Changde apartment, sixty years ago , Zhang place to live.
waterfront Republic of China Zhang Ailing is spent according to people. she described the world, at that particular time Dihuai filled with bits and pieces in the street gossip gossip. forties island in Shanghai, full of Squire refuge, breeding ground of the high officials, diplomatic envoys, kite flying and brutal days of careerists, the Court after the river still sing the flowers of the public, surging desire and struggle to come together to form an undercurrent, Zhang Changde quietly from the apartment Looking out the sixth floor: London plane trees under the tree, jingle slowly passing tram chaos ring, crowded streets, there are people face laugh, some people full of sorrow, and more people know what to do to take it lightly, not the number of hidden bustling center clear story.
Perhaps only for sake of such a pair of distressed men and women, white fringed smiling kicked the mosquito coils under the table to mm wet halo, like a cloud Xuan letterhead, tear down, old and confused. old memories of thirty years ago, the moon is a joy, than the moon in front of a large, round, white; but across the thirty In looking back at the hard way, even the best can not avoid a little sad moonlight. ; Shijun see the last few words, as if he spoke like she was facing. across the long years, you can also hear her voice. He thought: ; the day of the sixth floor apartment. this period, Zhang Ailing's another identity, is the wife of Hulan Cheng. For Hulan Cheng, holds many lessons for the evaluation of depreciation greater than the praise, blame is he behind the times as the Wang Jingwei puppet lackeys, Nie Yuan owed much heartless romantic . But his If Chang who is also reduced to one horizon, Eileen Chang's character gathered a lot of contradiction: She is a hedonist, but also a tragic sense of life is full of people; she is the door (who is a grandfather, an important official Li Qing ), they've always claimed to be a self-reliant citizen; her article, smart sophisticated ramble, but life and people has always maintained a certain distance; she does not close easily with others, and once they accept it appreciate, dead set . God-given talent peerless Eileen Chang, gifted writer, but also makes her interpersonal skills, housekeeping, etc. relative to the shortcomings of her husband. When she met when Hulan Cheng, Hu has been married three times, and large she was fifteen years old. by a person moved, wishful thinking, sometimes does not need to know, either is the essence of love.
Hu Zhangcheng wedding day, their marriage certificate reads: stable. Publicity Minister flee Shanghai, Wuhan, first fled, then breeding ground in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and even food and clothing off, and often rely on royalties to send alms Zhang. Mr. Hu went so far did not forget to pull their punches back and forth on the way: 46 years of spring, in Wuhan Hanyang Hospital, Good Times, naive little nurse Zhou Germany; autumn wind blows, the country and with the widow to Wenzhou Fan beautiful Buqingbubai. Zhang Wenzhou asked him catch up and small-week thing, this person has publicly with the range of beautiful time living together. That winter, the streets filled with alleys such as death and then fast. previously often asked him to her publications, and some closed, some fear cultural traitors Zhanre charges, did not dare again she asked him in June .1947, Zhang left the apartment six Changde 51 rooms and Hu Lancheng, a legend to this marriage Yao Yao.
Shanghai, a group of patriotic young people prone to assassinate Mr. Puppet spy chief, sent a beautiful woman Wang Zhi implementation of the because the other side in the gentle eyes of fleeting look of pity was moved, that Village assassination, and the people, every detail is so real with his right, tranquil and cruel white, cold and warmth coexist, and this is the so-called language, wrote: br> years as a knife, was happy to be able to from the dust bloom's heart, the sea looking back, has long been crying over spilled milk.

Liquidity risk of housing accumulation fund by highlighting once again, reform is urgently needed - from Nanjing ...

 Housing fund liquidity risk once again highlighted, reform is urgently
mm round from Nanjing policy tightening housing provident fund loans Speaking
Jie
Executive Director of Housing Policy, Fudan University
the author around the country last November vigorously when opening housing provident fund loans, in re-tighten lending policies have made a forecast scenario. As expected, the judge soon to be fulfilled. broke out in Guangzhou and Nanjing have the phenomenon of housing provident fund into deficit, Nanjing is forced to fully tighten the housing provident fund loans policy. At the same time, I believe that the scene of the Nanjing and Guangzhou tip of the iceberg, many cities, including Shanghai, in the housing provident fund management and operation have the same potential liquidity risk.
such as the Shanghai Housing Fund during the first half of this year imputation the amount of 15.736 billion yuan, an increase of 24.94%, an increase in the high range in recent years. But the amount of 8.482 billion yuan over the same period extraction, the amount of 22.939 billion yuan a loan payment, an increase of 111.50%! That is, the Shanghai housing accumulation fund inflows and outflows of funds there are huge from brewing since August had to stop direct payment of a loan, and to tight gates, of which the performance of a roller coaster, not only exposed the operation and management system of housing provident fund of funds led to small geographic segmentation, regional supply and demand imbalance, poor resistance to the drawbacks of systematic risk, but also reflect the lack of housing provident fund management center professional financial risk control and predictability of supply and demand for funds is not strong, a loan policy is too arbitrary. Since housing fund center is just over a public institution, has to run the billions or even tens of billions of the operation and management of funds in capital security and there is inherent risk control has been hidden. The exposed only one aspect of liquidity risk.
I have been advocating for the housing fund, must coordinate regional pay scale, increase the national co-ordination against the risk of the use of scale and services to more residents need. necessary and feasible reform is to turn around the current decentralized system of gradual transformation of the housing provident fund integrated into a unified national policy of housing financial institutions specialized in the implementation of the policies of government regulations on the basis of the housing finance business and strict implementation of norms of risk management and internal control mechanisms. It should be emphasized, to form a unified national system, local affiliates in the business management to local conditions can have certain rights and freedom of suicides, but still need the National Center for and operating principles of unity, more importantly, funding to implement the national centralized scheduling, in order to strengthen the overall ability to resist risks.
Specifically, the author advocates, housing provident fund loans and investments of the public must first summary fund balance to precipitate a national center, and then through a bank or an intermediate carrier mm construction and management of public housing companies, commissioned by focusing on form, not by the decentralized operation of local housing provident fund management institutions. Local housing provident fund management institutions are public institutions, No risk identification and management. the establishment of the National Center funds can be used to co-ordinate remote scheduling, increased ability to resist risks. while retaining the basic framework of local management, not only the flow of accounts can be in different places, local funding is also available cross ( paid) circulation. at the National Centre under the aegis of positions around the center for short-term borrowing and long-term funding of paid financing. This is to prevent the risk of liquidity around, but also necessary to improve the efficiency of fund utilization means. dispatching centers in the country under the operation of the sediment Housing Fund of the investment can be more specialized and diversified.
See fund policy fund this year's The �ߵ���, and the couple re-apply for either of the loan fund, the credit lines are reduced to half of loanable amount. Nanjing Zhang Mingyuan, deputy director of fund management emphasized that the current implementation of the individual up to 30 million, most couples 600,000 yuan of the fund ceiling unchanged.


Background 2: According to ;, Yuan, need to call in previous years, the amount of imputation to meet demand. feel the amount of housing fund of funds This year showing the explosive growth in previous years, the mortgage fund's loan volume accounted for about 10% of the total loan amount, and this year it accounted for 20%. the face of dilemma, the Guangzhou authorities to seek financial balance at the beginning. news shows, Guangzhou is gestation housing fund new requirements: Provident Fund on a monthly extract, but account for half of domestic demand to retain the deposit amount; withdraw all fund transfers to pay, are not allowed to withdraw cash; workers or their spouses and minor children of families suffering from serious diseases caused by hardship, may apply extraction; and Guangzhou to buy their homes outside the extraction of the housing provident fund, employees of the purchased property shall be my domicile, work, or domicile of the spouses work in terms of .4, triggering the most controversial is the keep half the deposit account the amount of domestic demand. Fund will make ends meet you
mm makers hoped suddenly increased, but the supply source of funding is insufficient to cover the crisis may occur]
most recent past, many local governments introduced policies to stimulate demand for housing. which is notable that provisions of the provident fund loans adjustment of the local government invariably become important measures to stimulate housing demand.
such as Beijing, Tianjin, Chengdu, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Changsha, Fuzhou, and many local governments to fund loan as down payment down to two ( purchase price of Beijing housing provident fund loans used to ensure minimum down payment is 10% of the room), a substantial increase in credit lines, the current general have reached a maximum of 60 yuan / household (Beijing maximum limit of 80 million), most of the loan period stretched to 30 years, many places the age of the lender significantly relaxed. Chengdu, Shenyang and Henan have also released a remote Fund loan application.
worrying
housing fund liquidity is well known that housing demand is very dependent on the financial tool, the interest rate sensitive. As the housing provident fund loan interest rates based on policy, and commercial mortgage loans is always there is a certain gap between the provident fund loans or margin of preference is obvious. To this end, many local governments want to housing provident fund loans Housing Demand in driving play a role.
more importantly, banks change the rules of housing loans is still firmly in control of the power of the hands of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, all commercial banks, credit risk control for their own needs, the rules for loans adjustment is very cautious, very difficult to intervene in local government. But the use of housing provident fund has been under way on the local housing fund center, the local government can directly influence and control. And the housing provident fund after these ten years of steady development, but also accumulate a very substantial pool of assets, such as the end of 2007 the balance of housing provident fund deposit of up to 960.5 billion yuan, housing provident fund centers in developed regions have the scale of tens of billions of capital, such as Beijing reached 70.3 billion yuan at the end of 2007.
Here I am very concerned about is around the center of the housing provident fund or local government use of housing provident fund loans in changing the rules, the adequacy of housing provident fund of funds considered a security issue? Here I discuss the liquidity of the housing provident fund security.
To some extent, the housing provident fund deposit with the bank have some comparability, not all lending money imputation, we must maintain a balance that is sufficient liquidity to meet depositors are now required to mention the future, or if payment can not cope requirements, there will be the credibility of bankruptcy. Chinese commercial banks in lending strictly bound by the CBRC, in addition to the statutory deposit reserve rate (currently 17.5%), deposit-loan ratio (loans to deposits ratio and absorption) are shall not exceed 75% of the root of the red line.
denied until last year, most of the local housing fund centers for various reasons, mainly a lot of credit constraints, resulting in favor of the housing provident fund money is idle, the precipitation rate in high. from the country as a whole, the end of 2007 a loan rate (individual housing provident fund loans accounted for the balance of housing provident fund deposit ratio imputation) only 52.83%, after deducting the necessary financial resources in the precipitation of allowance funds to 218.655 billion yuan, precipitation accounted for the balance of funds deposited in the proportion of 22.76%. But the regional distribution is very uneven, although some inland regions such as Hebei and the central end of 2007, a loan rate of only 27.33% in 2008 to 35.51% at the end of 10, but there are many areas In particular, the developed coastal regions of the housing fund of funds in the chain is actually the situation more tense.
I order according to local fund executive bulletin found the end of 2007 a loan of Hangzhou was 78.4%, Tianjin end of 2007 a loan rate of 81.3 %. the same period was 83%, Nanjing, Suzhou is 84.26%. Shanghai end of 2007 was 86.3%. Currently the information available to the author knowledge, the highest rate of housing provident fund loans to the city of Changzhou. Changzhou end of 2007, a loan rate of 95.63%, The proportion of urban areas as high as 97.73%. such a high rate of housing provident fund loans, means that capital flows are likely to make ends meet, will make the local housing fund to pay greater risk of facing a liquidity risk mm. but even these places, in the near future wave of government bailouts are also unambiguous, still have an active housing provident fund loans issued to relax the conditions to stimulate the housing needs of policy adjustments. In this way, these areas center housing fund liquidity risk inherent in being one step beyond the critical level of risk.
Although housing fund to cash and paid the policy due to various constraints, as ordinary commercial banks so convenient, the recent long-term capital outflows are relatively few measurable and controllable, but it is still the risk of liquidity can not be ignored problem.
outflow from the housing fund, in addition to paying people to meet the housing purchase loans for goods demand, pay people still entitled to the storage of individual housing provident fund account balance for the purchase of individual housing construction , overhaul, refurbishment and other housing-related purposes, many places can now be used rental housing. and once retired, retirement, and so completely lost the ability to work due to leave, moving to other cities and exit, and cancel the account of the so-called extraction, account balance can be done are all extracted. With an aging population and urban migration accelerated, this part of the case continue to increase the pressure to pay the National Housing Fund .2007 extraction amounted to 180.878 billion yuan, accounting for the amount deposited in the same period of 51.05% .2007 Shanghai were extracted for various reasons the housing fund and the amount of additional housing fund 14.738 billion yuan, while the total amount of funds that year �鼯 only 23.189 billion yuan, accounting for 64% share of extraction. Considering the new year in Shanghai release of personal loans 28.794 billion yuan (12.16 billion yuan over the same period withdrawn from circulation), extraction and new loans Taken together, the 43.532 billion yuan, exceeding the amount of 20.3 billion yuan that year imputation, only one new issue personal loans to exceed the amount of 5.605 billion the year imputation element.
In addition, the supply of funds from the housing fund inflows, the recent and long-term conditions are not very optimistic. Loan demand is often developed coastal areas, but these areas have very high coverage of the housing provident fund, to more than 70%, deposit rates are also high levels of 7% to 12%, not much room for future growth in the amount of imputation. especially in this year's severe economic situation, the amount of imputation will be more sluggish growth.
2007 Last utilization of the National Housing Fund (individual extract the total amount of personal loans and the purchase of government bonds accounted for the balance of the total deposit ratio) reached 74.58%, when the housing provident fund withdrawal amount and the amount of personal loans and for 401.035 billion yuan, deposit the amount of 46.743 billion yuan over the same period exceeded. This means the end of 2007, nationwide, housing fund additional capital needs are more than new supply. of course, is also withdrawn from circulation each year, loans, no capital deficit of imputation , but has shown a more intense liquidity risk.
So, when large parts of the housing provident fund loans adjustment and use conditions, loan demand, If, as the policy makers hoped suddenly increased, but the money supply sources are inadequate, to payments crisis is likely to occur.
System of
fact, a long time, local governments / Housing Fund Center policy adjustments on the local housing fund with a certain arbitrariness, and less considered as a separate housing fund of funds operation of the system would have the inherent requirements of proper risk management, credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk and other aspects of mechanism design is not a scientific, risk prevention and management is simple and rough.
current housing fund system, there is a big The problem is that around the center of the housing provident fund their own way to operate independently. but all over the loans and the use of different needs, when some areas of housing provident fund in excess of idle, but also a serious shortage of capital supply in many areas. Meanwhile, the operation of the city as the unit imputation the limited size of the deployment of capital flows is not the case, poor ability to withstand systemic risk.
In addition, although all around the center of the housing provident fund holds huge amounts of money, but everywhere as the administrative units to manage. internal control mechanism is very fragile, major corruption cases have occurred.
author, but also a lot of research scholars who have recognized the housing provident fund, housing fund is currently exposed in risk prevention, supervision and management issues, in fact, are connected, housing fund is derived from the nature center positioning. Basically, this is how to treat financing of housing provident fund system problems. China's housing accumulation fund system has accumulated a very large pools of capital under the scale, and large-scale in personal loans this financial services, is not subject to the CBRC or any sector of the financial regulatory constraints. This phenomenon has historical reasons, but now the situation can no longer be allowed to continue. housing fund center in the end what kind of institutions? government sector agencies ? administrative units? If you are still positioned at this level, it is difficult to solve the housing provident fund risk and internal control mechanism to prevent the problem. because the government agencies and institutions and a financial institution is immune to the risk management needs, but not easy to have an independent and sound principles.
In fact, within the domestic real estate circles, and the relevant government departments to discuss the reform of the housing provident fund has been for some time. The author's basic view is necessary and feasible reform is to turn around now dispersed housing accumulation fund system integration and gradually transform into a unified national policy of housing financial institutions specialized in the implementation of the provisions of the policy of the government housing finance business, based on the strict implementation of norms of risk management and internal control mechanisms. It should be emphasized, to formation of a unified national system, local affiliates in the business management to local conditions can have certain rights and freedom of suicides, but still needs the operation of the National Center and the principle of unity, more importantly, funding to implement a unified national centralized scheduling, in order to strengthen the overall ability to resist risks.
(The author is Associate Professor of Industrial Economics, Fudan University School of Management)

after I January 9 this year, Bowen wrote, risks need vigilance,
Recently many local governments to stimulate the housing needs of residents, coincidentally the provisions of the housing provident fund loans was substantially adjusted. the main measures include reducing the down payment loans to fund the two into (Beijing minimum down payment of 10%), a substantial line of credit increased (up to 80 million Shanghai, Beijing, up to 1.04 million), loan term generally stretched to 30 years, in many places the age of the lender significantly relaxed. some places are opening a remote fund loan applications. < br> These policy adjustments in the end will have much demand for housing throughout the stimulus effect remains to be seen, however, I was concerned about, if the implementation of these policy adjustments properly, may contain a considerable financial risk, especially Housing Accumulation Fund Center liquidity risk.
housing provident fund loans and deposits with commercial banks in general is very comparable to deposits and loans, all loan funds were not imputation, we must maintain a balance that is sufficient liquidity to meet depositors for future possible to cash requirements, or can not cope with payments once the balance of funds required, there will be the credibility of bankruptcy. current Chinese commercial banks in lending strictly bound by the CBRC, in addition to the statutory deposit reserve ratio for deposit-loan ratio (issued loans to deposits ratio and absorption) are not more than 75% of the root of the red line. In the past the domestic financial sector are that this is too conservative, but this financial crisis came, this piece of the system is considered to be the reason why China has maintained financial institutions relatively stable and sufficient liquidity to ensure that important systems.
though undeniable, from the country as a whole, the housing fund of funds is widely considered the situation in too much idle, sedimentation rate is relatively high. the information the Ministry of Construction, National Housing Fund in late 2007 �鼯 deposit balance of 960.5 billion fund, a loan rate (individual housing provident fund loans accounted for the balance of housing provident fund deposit ratio) was 52.83%, after deducting the necessary financial resources in the precipitation of allowance funds 218 655 000 000 dollars. but very uneven regional distribution, in most central and western provinces of housing accumulation fund a loan rate of less than 50%, as less than 30% of Hebei Province, even when the city of the eastern coastal areas of the housing accumulation fund loan-rates generally exceed 75 % or more, which means that the housing fund of funds in these areas is actually a chain of very tight conditions in the comparison or.
in the fund throughout the year based on the collation of the implementation of Bulletin, the author found that the end of 2007 a loan of Hangzhou was 78.4% the same period a loan rate of 81.3% in Tianjin. 83%, Nanjing, Suzhou was 84.26%, Shanghai 86.3%. the information available to the author knowledge, the highest rate of housing provident fund loans in Changzhou city is the end of 2007 a loan was 95.63%, the proportion of the urban area as much as 97.73%. such a high rate of housing provident fund loans, means that capital flows are likely to make ends meet, will make the local housing funds face greater liquidity risk.
to know, from the Housing Fund of the outflow channels, in addition to the obligation to pay people for goods to meet the housing needs of home loans, but also need to pay the person to respond to individual housing provident fund account balance for the storage of personal housing purchase, construction, repair, renovation, etc. Other housing-related purposes, many areas can be used for rental housing now, and even in Shanghai, can apply for housing funds to subsidize the extraction of hardship. and once retired, retirement, and so completely lost the ability to work due to leave, moving to Other cities and exit, and cancel the account of the so-called extract, is to do all the account balances can be extracted. With the aging of the population and urban migration accelerated, situation in this part of the payment pressure continues to increase .2007 extraction of the National Housing Fund amounted to 180.878 billion yuan, accounting for 51.05% over the same period the amount of deposit; housing fund rate (total extract individual, personal loans and the purchase of government bonds accounted for the balance of the deposit balance ratio) reached 74.58%; current housing provident fund withdrawal amount and add a personal loan and the amount of 401.035 billion yuan, exceeding the deposit amount of 46.743 billion yuan over the same period. This means the end of 2007 across the country, demand for new housing fund of funds have been more than new supply. of course As the annual credit is also withdrawn from circulation, there is no imputation of deficit financing, but has shown a more intense capital chains. Shanghai and other eastern cities of the housing accumulation fund ratio of capital outflows and inflows are more to be a little short.
addition, from the housing the supply of funds into the fund, the recent and long-term conditions are very much less optimistic. strong loan demand in developed coastal areas are often, but the housing fund in these areas in the coverage of workers is already high, reaching more than 70% deposit rate is also a high level, and in 7-12% of base salary, not much room for future growth in the amount of imputation. In particular, the critical economic situation this year, the growth in the amount of imputation would be quite weak.
when substantial parts of the housing provident fund loans adjustment and use conditions, if the macroeconomic situation remains stable, the demand for loans is likely to outbreaks. in Shanghai. Shanghai Housing Fund in 2006 to adjust policy to the purchase of housing accumulation fund loan conditions relaxation from the past two years to six months total deposit, lending ceiling from the previous 150,000 yuan per household to 20 million, will fund additional 5 million line of credit by the household increased to 10 million. In year fund loan interest rates and commercial lending rate is only 1.2 percentage points worse case, is still a direct result of new provident fund loans doubled in a year, an increase of 108% during the year 2007, loans up 54% off than in 2006. But imputation on the amount of housing provident fund over the same period grew by only 2.62%, respectively, and 13.4%. Thus, the Shanghai Housing Fund in 2005 a loan rate is still only 65.4% in 2006, rose to 70.5%, 86.3% and achieved the end of 2007. < br> When the housing accumulation fund loan demand really as some local policy makers had hoped that the suddenly increased, while there was insufficient capital supply sources, it is easy payments crisis occurs. Once that happens, not only will the reputation of the housing provident fund and credit would constitute a serious blow, but in turn will allow the public to the Social Security accounts, health insurance accounts and other credit-related funds have to question, and even other financial systems would have a ripple effect.
seems very safe and is the reason why ease the housing accumulation fund system in the br> provident fund management center CPF savings deposited with independently, provident fund loans, loan bad debt management, liquidity control and a series of specialized financial institutions, financial management capacity was available.
imputation and use of housing fund is very regionalized, and the This form of housing provident fund serious regional imbalance. economically developed areas, the real estate market boom, loans to home buyers in general, the loan continues to grow, or even a shortage of funds; relatively less developed regions, small loans, a large amount of precipitation. Housing the implementation of territorial division of the closed fund management, inter-regional transfers of funds can not call each other, resulting in some cities, no credit money loans, some cities have credit money situation. At the same time fund the loan portfolio will not result in adequate risk diversification . segmentation of housing provident fund management localization of both the housing fund of funds resulted in the inefficient in the overall configuration of the system brings the risk of local resistance to the lower, which are the source of liquidity risk.
operating and non-professional localization segmentation system, these two features are in the development of housing provident fund left by history, but today has been completely unable to meet the development requirements of the new situation must be reformed as soon as possible, otherwise it is difficult to ensure the long-term development prospects of the housing provident fund.